step for Change a Baby's Diaper

Wash your hands before and after any change of the diaper, and to remember that often the changes in order to prevent diaper rash.
Baby never unattended, the changing table.
Talc or baby powder, in which the negotiations can cause breathing problems at the top of the babies. Instead, use cornstarch powder, and applies to ga carefully to prevent inhalation.

Put a fresh diaper, changing table, or a towel or mat on the ground. Place your baby, the belly side, is at the top of diaper.Unfasten a clean diaper in view of the dirty diaper.Hold the baby's legs together, and very slowly lift, to raise the bottom of babies. Use a clean napkin belongs to, wipe out all over the place, then fold over soiled diaper and a number of old aside.Wipe diaper a baby's buttocks and genital gently from back to front, the baby wipes. Remember, the skin folds, the lower back and legs. (The girl will have access to the baby's chair for her vagina for others and the Labia, the so-clean area lightly baby wipes.)
Reduce your baby is at the bottom of a clean diaper.
Pat the area with dry towel, cornstarch powder is optional.Apply diaper rash cream to the area necessary.Make sure to pull back, the napkin to clean high enough to prevent leaks. Kano at the leading edge of the baby's diaper only in accordance with the stomach.
Bring cards from around the back of napkin and paste it in the face. Put diapers, play peek-a-Boo lead to the baby.

Dress Your Baby For Bedtime

One of the best ways to determine if your baby is wearing cool enough or warm enough clothes is to realize what we ourselves are wearing. Chances are, if you’re feeling cool enough for a sweater, then so is your baby. One exception however, is in the case of premature babies who have less body fat to insulate them against the cold. An extra layer of clothing is recommended then.

Little babies don’t need pyjamas, as such.

They need clothing that is comfortable, warm, dry and clean. Cotton is perhaps the best fabric for baby clothing, especially for sleepwear as air circulates freely and the material absorbs moisture from the body. Special flame retardant sleepwear is available for babies.

For sleeping, clothing should be loose enough to enable freedom of movement but not too loose so that it can come off during sleep. Sleepwear that includes the covering for feet is popular because it means that the legs of the garment don’t ‘ride up’ and expose the skin to cool air. Cold feet is a reason why some babies wake up.

Sleepwear should not be too warm. The risks of SIDS increase in babies who have become overheated during sleep. That said, however, it is better to dress your baby in warmer clothes and allow for lighter bed coverings so that in case the coverings come off altogether, he is still protected by his clothes.

Check in on your baby to see if his face feels warm or cool to the touch and adjust the bedclothes accordingly. Try to maintain a bedroom temperature of around 70 degrees for optimal comfort.

What you dress your baby in for bed needs to be safe because you will be providing less supervision than at any other time of day. Steer clear of clothing that features hanging strings or ribbons, because of the risk of strangulation. If there are any buttons, make sure they are securely attached so that they don’t come loose and present a choking hazard. Elastic shouldn’t be too tight or restricting and clothes should fit well; not too small and not too big, as each brings its own problems.

One-piece outfits with a zipper up the front are ideal for sleepwear, especially if they are made of cotton. They are warm, comfortable, non-restricting and generally have no superfluous trims that can be hazardous. One consideration to make, though, is that in winter, if you need to change your baby’s diaper, it means his whole body will be exposed to the cooler air, unless you are able to unfasten only the bottom half.

As with all baby clothing, sleepwear should be easy to launder. Babies can sometimes spit up in their sleep, and also a little leakage can sometimes occur out of the diaper.

Don’t be seduced into buying pyjamas simply because they’re cute and colorful. When it comes to babies, practical and safe is always the best option.

First Foods For Your Baby’s

First Foods For Your Baby’s

From birth to 6 months of age

Breast milk is the best food for your baby. Offer iron-fortified formula to babies who are not breastfed. Babies do not need solid foods until they are 6 months old.

Breastfed babies need 400 IU of vitamin D each day from a vitamin supplement. Formula fed babies may need a vitamin D supplement depending on how much formula they drink. Babies who drink both breast milk and formula need a vitamin D supplement.

Ask your doctor or a registered dietitian about whether your formula fed baby needs a vitamin D supplement.

Why start foods at 6 months of age?

• At 6 months of age your baby needs more nutrients, especially iron.

• Your baby needs to try different tastes and textures.

• Most babies are ready for solid foods. Signs of readiness include:

- baby sits and holds her head up, and

- watches and opens her mouth for the spoon, and

- does not push food out with her tongue.

• Before 6 months high-nitrate vegetables (home-prepared carrots, spinach, turnips and beets) should not be offered.

How much should I offer my baby?

• Let your baby decide how much to eat. When feeding your baby, look for signs of hunger and fullness.

• Babies will shut their mouth, turn their head, or push food away when they have had enough to eat. Do not force your baby to eat more when he has had enough.

• Babies who are still hungry will continue to open their mouths for food and may be upset when the food is taken away.

Use the amounts of food listed here as a general guideline only.

How do I start?

• Offer one new food at a time.

• Wait a few days before adding another new food.

• Do not put cereal or other solids in a bottle.

From 6 to 9 months of age

• Continue to breastfeed or offer iron-fortified infant

formula whenever your baby is hungry – about 720-960 mL (24-32 oz) each day. As your baby eats more solids, he will gradually drink less breast milk or formula.

• Sips of water may be offered in a cup, but don’t let your baby fill up on water.

• Your baby does not need juice. If offering juice, limit to 60-125 mL (1/4-1/2 cup) per day, served in a cup. Offer 100% juice only.

When starting solids, choose a time when baby is content, interested and alert. Begin by offering solids 2 to 3 times per day and increase to 3 to 4 times per day. Sit down and eat with your baby.

• Start with small amounts of high iron foods like single-grain iron-fortified infant cereal or well-cooked finely minced meat, poultry or fish. Mix with breast milk, formula, or water.

• Gradually increase cereal to about 60-125 mL (4-8 Tbsp) each day. If your baby does not eat meat, aim for at least 125 mL (8 Tbsp) of cereal, on average, each day by 9 months of age.

• Offer cooked, well-mashed vegetables like yams, sweet potatoes, potatoes, squash, carrots, and mashed fruit like pears, peaches, and bananas. Start with small amounts and gradually increase to about 60-125 mL (4-8 Tbsp) per day.

• Continue to offer meat, poultry and fish, while adding other high iron foods like cooked egg yolk, lentils, beans, and tofu - about 100 mL (6 Tbsp) total per day.

• Around 9 months of age, try cottage cheese, plain yogurt, and small pieces of hard cheese like cheddar or gouda, and pasteurized soft cheese.

Pureed foods are not needed. Baby can enjoy mashed foods and finger foods before teeth appear.

• Offer finger foods such as:

- pieces of cooked vegetables or soft fruit without the peel, such as potato, yam, avocado, apricot, pear, banana, peach, plum

- pieces of toast, roti or tortilla

- cooked rice or pasta

- “oat rings” cereal

From 9 to 12 months of age

• Breast milk or iron-fortified formula – about 720-840 mL (24-28 oz) per day.

• Offer water in a cup.

• Your baby does not need juice. If offering juice, limit to 60-125 mL (1/4-1/2 cup) per day, served in a cup. Offer 100% juice only.

• Do not let your baby sip on juice (or diluted juice) between meals or snacks as this can cause tooth decay.

Offer foods 3 to 4 times per day. Offer solid foods before breast or formula feeding.

• Iron-fortified infant cereal, about 125 mL (1/2 cup) or more per day.

• Meat, fish, poultry, cooked egg yolk, lentils, beans, and tofu – about 100-125 mL (6-8 Tbsp) total per day.

• Soft vegetables and fruit – about 125-250 mL (1/2-1 cup) per day.

• Let baby try self-feeding with fingers or a spoon.

• By 1 year of age your baby can eat the same meals as the rest of the family (soft and diced). See information under safety tips.

Health professionals recommend that egg white not be given to babies until 1 year of age to lower the chance of an allergic reaction.

What about cow’s milk?

Breastfeeding is recommended until your baby is 2 years-old and beyond. When your baby is 9-12 months old and taking a variety of iron rich solid foods, it is okay to start substituting whole milk for breast milk or formula.

Babies and toddlers need fat for brain development, so choose whole milk until 2 years of age. Lower-fat milk (1% and 2%) can be offered after 2 years of age. Other drinks such as soy or rice beverages may be offered after 2 years of age, but check the label to make sure they are fortified with calcium and vitamin D.

If you choose whole goat milk, make sure it is pasteurized. Most goat milk does not contain vitamin D, in which case your baby would need a vitamin D supplement.

Tips for enjoyable mealtimes

Help your baby develop healthy food habits and a relaxed feeling about eating.

• Offer food at the same times each day.

• Sit down and eat with your child. Babies and children enjoy company while eating.

• You decide what foods to offer.

• Let your baby decide how much and whether to eat.

• Expect a mess. It is part of learning to eat!

• If you have questions or concerns about feeding your baby solids, talk to a registered dietitian.

Safety tips

• Always stay with your baby while he or she is eating or drinking.

• Do not give foods that can cause choking such as popcorn, peanuts, nuts, hard candies, hard raw vegetables like carrots, whole marshmallows, jellybeans, globs of peanut butter, ice cubes, and chips.

• Hot dogs and grapes should be sliced lengthwise first, and then into small pieces.

• Honey can cause botulism poisoning in babies and is not recommended for babies under 1 year of age.

• Milk, juice, and soft cheeses, such as brie, camembert and feta should be pasteurized.

Allergy Alert:

Are you concerned about food allergies? Talk to your baby’s doctor, a registered dietitian or a public health nurse.

7 Tips on Baby Tooth Care

Practical tips for keeping baby's brand-new teeth healthy.

Now that your baby's teeth are on their way in, it's time to start taking care of them. Even though this set will only be around for a short time, their health essential to your baby's gums and those future permanent teeth.

Make sure your baby's new teeth get the best care:

1. Start cleaning your child's mouth even before her teeth come in. Wipe the gums off after each feeding with a warm, wet washcloth or a dampened piece of gauze wrapped around your finger. You can also buy thimblelike, soft rubbery devices (they fit over your index finger) to use for rubbing off excess food.

2. Once the teeth begin coming in, start taking care of them right away. Many parents think baby teeth aren't important because they're eventually replaced by permanent ones. But these first teeth preserve the spacing for the permanent ones and help baby chew and talk. If they're not cared for properly the can decay, leading to a gum infection called gingivitis, which can affect the spacing of permanent teeth.

3. Watch for cavities. The first signs of cavities in baby teeth are discoloration and minor pitting. Putting baby to bed with a bottle of milk (or worse, juice) is notorious for causing cavities. Don't leave your infant with a bottle for long periods of time, especially if you notice he's no longer feeding and is just using the bottle for comfort.

4. Follow meals with water. Most infant foods easily wash off baby's teeth with just a drink of water after meals. But it's good to introduce a toothbrush (choose a very soft one) as soon as possible, so baby can get used to having it in his mouth. You probably won't need to use the brush to actually clean baby's teeth until he's eating only table foods (and has a significant number of teeth), at around 18 months. However, you'll want to gently clean your child's teeth with a toothbrush or thimblelike cleaner and some bicarbonate of soda if your toddler has eaten sticky, sugary foods.

5. Begin using a pea-size amount of nonfluoride toothpaste once baby is about age 2. Wait until at least age 3, when your child is old enough not to swallow the toothpaste, before introducing the fluoride kind.

6. Regulate baby's fluoride intake. Even though your baby isn't using a fluoride toothpaste, he should get enough fluoride -- important for preventing tooth decay -- from drinking tap water. Most communal water supplies have it added just for this beneficial purpose. Ask your doctor about fluoride supplements baby can take once he's 6 months old if your tap water is not fluoridated or your child doesn't drink any tap water.

7. Schedule a dental exam. The American Dental Association recommends that baby get his first dental exam at age 1, but most pediatricians agree that the first visit can wait until age 3, as long as you practice good home care.

If you take good care of this first set of pearly whites, you can establish good dental habits for years to come.

All content here, including advice from doctors and other health professionals, should be considered as opinion only. Always seek the direct advice of your own doctor in connection with any questions or issues you may have regarding your own health or the health of others.